VANGUARD II LAUNCHED: FIRST WEATHER SATELLITE ENTERS EARTH ORBIT
The United States successfully launches Vanguard II, a pioneering satellite designed to scan Earth's cloud cover from space.

A New Eye in the Sky
CAPE CANAVERAL, United States - The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is tracking the world's first meteorological satellite in orbit this morning. Lifting off from Cape Canaveral atop a Vanguard SLV 4 rocket, the Vanguard II satellite is currently circling the globe. The highly polished magnesium sphere carries specialized optical equipment designed to scan and transmit data regarding the cloud cover of the Earth.
Mapping the Atmosphere
This launch represents a pivotal shift in humanity's approach to meteorology. Until today, weather forecasting relied entirely on ground stations, ships, and scattered balloons, leaving vast stretches of the oceans completely unmonitored. Vanguard II aims to change this by providing a comprehensive, top down view of the atmosphere. As the United States and the Soviet Union vie for supremacy in the space race, this mission demonstrates a practical, peaceful application of orbital technology. If successful, the data retrieved from this sphere will allow scientists to track massive storm systems and chart global weather patterns with unprecedented accuracy, potentially saving countless lives by providing early warnings for hurricanes.
Photocells in the Void
The atmosphere at the Cape Canaveral launch complex remains tense but jubilant following the successful morning ignition. The three stage Vanguard rocket roared to life, piercing the Florida sky and shedding its booster stages precisely as planned. Tracking stations around the world are now picking up the steady radio signals from the twenty inch diameter sphere as it travels in an elliptical orbit. Inside the satellite, two optical telescopes equipped with photocells are pointing toward the Earth. As the sphere rotates, these sensors measure the intensity of sunlight reflecting off the cloud layers below. The contrast between the bright, highly reflective clouds and the darker land or ocean masses creates an electronic signal. A magnetic tape recorder, an engineering marvel tightly packed within the core of the satellite, stores this information. When Vanguard II passes over designated tracking stations in North America, ground control sends a command to trigger the playback of the recorded data. Engineers report that the satellite is functioning, though they are currently analyzing a slight wobble in its rotational axis. This unexpected motion makes interpreting the incoming optical data a significant mathematical challenge. Despite this complication, the sheer volume of data streaming down to the ground stations proves the fundamental concept of space based meteorological observation is entirely viable. The scientific community is already poring over the initial transmissions, translating the radio telemetry into rudimentary maps of the atmosphere.
"Vanguard II produced more than a quarter of a million feet of taped signals on cloud cover. This was the first step in the development of a global weather forecasting system."
The Future of Forecasting
The data gathered by Vanguard II over the next few weeks will lay the groundwork for an entirely new scientific discipline. NASA engineers are already designing more advanced platforms capable of transmitting actual television images of the weather. As this small metallic globe continues its silent vigil above the atmosphere, it stands as a testament to the rapid acceleration of human capability. The era of being continually surprised by the weather is drawing to a close, replaced by an age of planetary awareness.
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